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The National Book Foundation is an American nonprofit organization established "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America".〔National Book Foundation: ("History of the National Book Foundation" ).〕 Established 1989 by National Book Awards, Inc.,〔Edwin McDowell. "Book Notes: 'The Joy Luck Club' is to be in paperback ... The National Book Awards' new foundation". ''The New York Times'', July 5, 1989, page C19.〕 the foundation is the administrator and sponsor of the National Book Awards, a changing set of literary awards inaugurated 1936 and continuous from 1950. It also organizes and sponsors public and educational programs. To broaden its scope, the National Book Awards is establishing the National Book Foundation to administer its annual literary awards program and to develop programs to promote reading and literacy. The chairman of the National Book Awards, Al Silverman, said his group intended to take on "a more central and influential role in the literary, intellectual, and publishing life of this country." The National Book Foundation's Board of Trustees comprises representatives of American literary institutions and the book industry. For example, in 2009 the Board included the President of the New York Public Library, the Chief Merchandising Officer of Barnes & Noble, the President/Publisher of Grove/Atlantic, Inc., and others.〔National Book Foundation: ("Board of Directors" ).〕 The National Book Foundation states the mission "to celebrate the best of American literature, to expand its audience, and to enhance the cultural value of great writing in America."〔 ==Awards== The original task of the National Book Foundation was to award the National Book Award. The Award was given without the foundation from 1950 until it was replaced with The American Book Awards in 1980, with 16 different categories. Many prominent authors of the time refused to participate in the new awards, and over 40 authors signed a petition saying that the new awards focused to much on popular literature and were not good for the literary culture of the nation. The new awards were largely a failure, and scaled back in future years. In 1987, the National Book Award was reestablished. The award split into 4 categories in 1996: Fiction, Nonfiction, Poetry, and Young People's Literature. The winner in each category is decided by an independent panel of writers, librarians, book sellers, and critics.〔Lynn Neary. ("National Book Awards Look to Raise Profile" ). ''NPR books''. September 16, 2013. National Public Radio. Retrieved 2014-12-06.〕 In addition to four National Book Awards to authors for particular books, the Foundation presents two lifetime awards to people, the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters and the Literarian Award for Outstanding Service to the American Literary Community. The Foundation annually awards the Innovations in Reading Prize ($2500) to "individuals and institutions—or partnerships between the two—that have developed innovative means of creating and sustaining a lifelong love of reading."〔National Book Foundation: ("Innovations in Reading Prize" ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Book Foundation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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